On this day (27 July 1302 CE) the Battle of Bapheus took place between an Ottoman army under Osman Ghazi and a Byzantine…

On this day (27 July 1302 CE) the Battle of Bapheus took place between an Ottoman army under Osman Ghazi and a Byzantine army under George Mouzalon.

The battle ended in a decisive victory for the rising principality of the Ottoman Turks over the Byzantine Empire.

The Byzantines effectively lost control of the countryside of Bithynia, withdrawing to their forts which fell one by one.

The Ottomans achieved characteristics and qualities of state after this battle.
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