Omar Khayyam was an Islamic mathematician, astronomer, historian, philosopher, and poet. He was born in Nishapur, the initial capital of the Seljuk Empire.
As a scholar, he lived under the Seljuk dynasty’s authority around the period of the First Crusade.
As a mathematician, he is most notable for his work on the classification and solution of cubic equations, where he provided geometric solutions by the intersection of conics. He also contributed to the understanding of the parallel axiom.
As an astronomer, he designed the Jalali calendar, a solar calendar with an exact 33-year intercalation cycle that provided the basis for the Persian calendar that is still in use after nearly a millennium.
Khayyam entered the service of Malik-Shah in 1074–5 when the Grand Vizier Nizam al-Mulk invited him. He was then appointed to establish an observatory at Isfahan and lead a group of scientists in carrying out precise astronomical observations to update the Persian calendar.
After the death of Malik-Shah and his vizier, Khayyam was then invited by the new Sultan Sanjar (Son of Malik Shah) to Merv, to work as a court astrologer.
Omar Khayyam died at the age of 83 in his hometown of Nishapur on 4 December 1131.
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