European cities still known by exonyms in English

by u/Aofen

Cities still known by exonyms in English tend to fall into a few categories:

Many
cities in the Low Countries have traditional English exonyms. Many of
these, such as Flushing for Vlissingen or Harlem for Haarlem have fallen
out of use, but larger cities still tend to be known by their exonym.
Most towns and cities in North Belgium were historically known by French
exonyms, but are now currently known by their native Flemish names. The
exceptions to this are Bruges, which is fairly large, and Ypres, which
is widely known for its significance in WWI

Many
major cities across Europe are known in English by their French names
(i.e. Cologne, Belgrade, etc.) and a smaller number of cities are known
by Italian influenced names (i.e. Vienna, Corfu, or Aleppo).

Some
cities in Germany that were historically connected to the UK have
English exonyms. The British King was also the monarch of Hanover and
Brunswick during the rule of the House of Hanover, and Heligoland was a
British colony from 1807 to 1890.

Towns
in Greece and the Levant are often known by historical versions of
their names, with exonyms sticking around because of the cultural
importance of Ancient Greece and the Holy Land in the Anglophone world.

It
becomes harder to distinguish between endonyms and exonyms in countries
that do not use the Latin Alphabet, but the use of exonyms for cities
generally fades as you move away from Europe and the Middle east.

Some prominent cities outside of this map known by exonyms in English include Bangkok for Krung Thep, Havana for La Habana, Batticaloa for Maṭṭakkaḷappu, and Vientiane for Viangchan