If you had to describe this scene in one word, what word would it be? #OrganizationFamily…

If you had to describe this scene in one word, what word would it be? #OrganizationFamily?

Describe this scene with only word?

@bozdagfilm @atvturkiye

If you could describe this scene in one word, what would it be? #The EstablishmentFamily ?

Describe this scene with only word?

@bozdagfilm @atvturkiye

Translated from Turkish

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When Does Old Age Start? It Depends on Who You Ask

May 2, 2024 – When does old age begin? Evidently, it depends on who you ask. And when you were born. For millions of people born between 1952 and 1974, the line in the sand between middle and old age is a moving target, according to German researcher Markus Wettstein, PhD. 

“Every 4 or 5 years, our perceived onset of old age has shifted one year or higher,” said Wettstein, who, along with a team of researchers from the Humboldt University of Berlin, examined data collected from over 14,000 German adults born during the 20th century, starting in 1911.         

Their findings, published in late April, showed that while there was a trend among people born later to believe that old age started later in life than those who were born earlier, it may not continue into the future. One reason is the increase in life expectancy has slowed, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a factor that Wettstein said holds important implications for today’s younger adults who might ultimately struggle to age with grace and in health.

“Though we found that nowadays, individuals feel younger than individuals did in the past, other studies have shown that stereotypes about aging have become more negative over time, especially in the U.S.,“ Wettstein said. In North America in particular, these attitudes depict older people as a homogenous group living with frailty, poor health, dependency, and mental decline. “The thing is, you get older and at some point in time, you become the victim of your own stereotypes and they become a self-fulfilling prophecy.”

The Digital Divide and Family Ties

Perhaps one of the most important factors driving changing trends around perceptions of old age has been digitization. For many late baby boomers and Gen Xers (who have learned to toe the digital divide), technology has been a boon to work, access, and health. But the impact on digital natives – millennials and Gen Z – may be permanent. 

While the topic is just starting to be studied in earnest, there is research suggesting that social deprivation during key developmental years not only produces changes in the brain, but may also increase feelings of loneliness and decrease happiness – factors that have been shown to accelerate aging, including an increase in chronic conditions in older years. Wettstein and his co-researchers also pointed out that differences in loneliness in the study, especially in middle age, possibly resulted in differing perceptions.

“While social connections are happening online, there’s less connecting in person and seeing its value and impact. It doesn’t come naturally,” said Shira Schuster, PhD, a psychologist at the Williamsburg Therapy Group in Brooklyn, NY. “I’ve had a lot of younger patients tell me that they’d rather not speak to a person, say, to make a dinner reservation. How do you convince them that that could have detrimental long-term effects?” 

Strong family ties, including the presence of older adults in the home or in the lives of adolescents, has also been associated with almost a 50% greater likelihood of flourishing, according to research.

“We’ve created almost every technological convenience – the car, the telephone, the airplane, the internet – everything to advance us and make life more convenient,” said Wendy Tayer, PhD, a geropsychologist at the University of California-San Diego Health. “But the cost of that is that it’s separated us physically; since the family has broken apart, we’ve become less informed about aging and less respectful of it.”

Minorva Ceide, MD, a geriatric psychiatrist and associate professor of geriatrics and psychiatry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, agreed. 

“When you think about it more traditionally, you would have your cohort of friends, but there was a lot of time within larger extended family situations where you were spending time with an older person and watching those transitions and learning from them,” said Ceide. “I’ve had trainees tell me that before they came to this rotation their only exposure to an older adult was a grandmother who was really ill and stayed with them.”

Thus, for many young adults, the only major interaction with older individuals is associated with illness, meaning that they are missing out on learning about the more positive experiences of aging, such as resilience, great sense and acceptance of self, and the wisdom that is part and parcel of life experience.

“Being around older people and not marginalizing them – which I think a lot of us tend to do subconsciously, is a good way to redefine our perception of what it means to be old,” said Liz Seegert, an independent health writer who often writes about aging issues. 

An Informal Glimpse Into Age Perceptions

When does old age start? Again, it depends on who you ask. 

Carolyn Tazelaar, a 37 year-old mother who is working on her master’s degree in social work, said that having a child shifted her point of view about when old age starts, which she now pegs around 80. “There’s a lot of life between 30 and 70, and people are having babies in their 40s,” she said, also pointing to the pressure that women feel about age (a factor that specifically caused women in Wettstein’s study to psychologically distance themselves from old age.). “People at my internship literally tell me that I am old. And they’re 25,” Tazelaar said, laughing.

The idea of “young old” people and “old” people is also often brought into these conversations. “I think of old age as ‘old’ and ‘older,’” said Claudia Metcalf, a 54-year-old vice president of marketing and wellness at a consumer product company in Marlborough, MA. “For me, it’s all about the degree to which someone remains active and mentally positive, continues to do things, and contributes to the world.”

Seegert said that now that she is 63, she’s finding that old age isn’t a number but is much more individualized. “There are 80-year-olds that don’t seem old to the untrained eye. And there are 60-year-olds who seem much older than their biological years might indicate,” she said.

Lovisa Williams, a 49-year-old senior digital strategist and policy officer for the U.S. Department of State in Washington, DC, said things have definitely changed since she was a kid, a time when she would have said that 65 is the definitive cutoff between middle and old age. That perspective has since changed. “I think that it starts when you are to a point where mentally or physically, you start not to be able to function in the same way that you have in the past; it varies from person to person,” she said.

Indeed, Wettstein noted that his study revealed that adults with greater numbers of chronic disease and poorer self-related health perceived old age to begin earlier than healthier people. 

Take Philadelphia-based copywriter Steve Rickards, for example. About to turn 71, Rickards said that his perception of when old age changed when he scaled back his work from 5 to 3 days a week. “I started to feel old at 70 when I stopped working full-time; that change of routine really kind of gummed up my gears mentally. Physically, I can’t do as much physical exercise as I used to,” he said. (Rickards also has a rare cancer affecting his vocal cords, which has definitely influenced his point of view about aging.)

Changing Times and Attitudes

The global world is aging, and old age perceptions are now influenced by the fact that people are living and working longer, engaging more frequently in virtual versus face-to-face interactions, and are bombarded with societal attitudes that value youth and youthful appearances. 

Still, aging is not a choice; it is an inevitability. “Just knowing that it is coming and preparing yourself for it is important,” said Schuster. “Let me make sure that I start taking care of myself when I’m young so that I increase the odds of aging well while at the same time appreciating every stage of my life until then.” 

Source: https://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/news/20240502/when-does-old-age-start-many-disagree?src=RSS_PUBLIC

Prospects for Crohn’s Relief Brighten With New Advancements

May 2, 2024 – More than 1 million Americans live with Crohn’s, a chronic and sometimes crippling inflammatory bowel disease that affects the intestines and leads to digestive issues. While some people may have mild symptoms or even be symptom-free at times, others get severe belly pain, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, anemia, and other life-threatening complications.

So far, the condition doesn’t have a cure, and treatments are often limited. Typical drugs to treat it, such as steroids and immunosuppressants, can provide relief and slow the disease’s progress, but many patients say the drugs don’t work as well over time or don’t respond at all. Although surgery may be an option in some cases, both patients and doctors eagerly look for new therapies that can help relieve symptoms and also lead to a better quality of life.

In recent years, gastrointestinal researchers have sharply focused on solutions for IBD overall and Crohn’s in particular. As research dollars have flowed in, GI experts across the U.S. have tested new medications that target inflammation and autoimmune reactions, as well as fecal transplants that can transfer “good” bacteria from a donor’s digestive system to help improve gut flora.

In 2024 alone, several developments have been announced that could bring relief in different ways. In California, for instance, researchers are developing a type of stem cell therapy that may help heal the intestinal lining and prompt a positive response from the immune system. The therapy has shown promising results in mouse models but still needs to be tested in human clinical trials. But it could provide an avenue for patients who don’t respond well to standard treatments or the latest medications.

“In the last 10 years, a lot of new therapies and biologics have been expanded for IBD, but these medications come with a risk of side effects, and at best, half of the patients don’t have a response. And if they have a response, the longer they’re on the medications, the more likely they are to lose that response,” said Maneesh Dave, MD, an associate professor of medicine in gastroenterology and hepatology at the University of California, Davis.

Studying Stem Cells

Dave, who leads the stem cell therapy research at UC Davis, pointed to other issues with current medications. Severe side effects can create blood clots in the heart, lungs, and legs. These drugs often suppress the immune system, which can lead to a higher risk of infections and even cancer. That’s why Dave and others are working on solutions to increase response rates, reduce side effects, and get as close to remission as possible by treating inflammation and healing the gut.

In a study published in January in npj Regenerative Medicine, Dave and colleagues studied how cells called human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can heal inflammation in mice that have a type of chronic small intestine inflammation that resembles Crohn’s in humans. When given the hMSCs, the mice had mucosal healing and an immunologic response – even weeks after the hMSCs were no longer present.

“These cells can suppress the immune system and result in regeneration of the intestinal lining, which is quite promising,” Dave said. “There’s a precedent for this in Europe, where the cells are already approved for treatment of specific conditions, but we don’t have proof for that in the U.S. yet, and clinical trials are ongoing.”

As these types of studies continue, Dave cautioned IBD patients against going to unregulated stem cell clinics, which offer therapies that aren’t yet proven. The FDA hasn’t approved any treatments in this area, so stem cell offers are “still experimental” in the U.S., he said, and could lead to infections or other serious complications.

Feeling the Flare-Up

When people with Crohn’s disease have flare-ups, they often report belly pain, diarrhea, and sometimes stool with blood or mucus. This shift in symptoms means there’s inflammation in the body – and it needs healing. At Northwestern University, a team of scientists have developed a wireless implantable temperature sensor to detect these inflammatory flare-ups, with the hope of preventing or limiting the damage.

“Changes in temperature are a hallmark sign of inflammation, and prolonged inflammation can cause extensive damage to that tissue or organ, which may lead to eventual whole-system disruption,” said Arun Sharma, PhD, a research associate professor of urology at Northwestern’s Feinberg School of Medicine and a research associate professor of biomedical engineering at the McCormick School of Engineering.

In a study published in March in Nature Biomedical Engineering, Sharma and colleagues tested whether a temperature sensor – a tiny, soft device that rests against the intestines – could provide real-time insights about disease progression and flare-ups in mice with Crohn’s disease. The researchers used the sensors to continuously track changes in temperature for about 4 months and found the size of the flare-up could be tracked based on the heat signature. That means doctors could potentially act early to help patients, rather than wait weeks to test blood, tissue, or fecal samples.

Now that they’ve found successful results in mice, Sharma and the research team plan to test the sensor in human tissues that re-create the inflammatory conditions found in Crohn’s disease. These types of sensors could also be useful for patients with ulcerative colitis, which is another inflammatory bowel disease, or other conditions with prolonged inflammatory responses, such as organ transplantation.

“If there is a platform that could monitor the flare-up in real time, this would be significant so the treating physician can take appropriate and timely actions to help remedy the situation,” he said. “With the technological advance that we have described, this could one day become a reality so quality-of-life metrics for those afflicted can be greatly enhanced.”

Caring for Kids

Across the U.S. and Canada, IBD specialists who focus on pediatric patients are working together to find better solutions for kids. Called the CAMEO Study (Clinical, Imaging, and Endoscopic Outcomes of Children Newly Diagnosed with Crohn’s Disease), the research aims to understand why some children who receive standard treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) medications achieve mucosal healing and some don’t.

“Few studies involve Crohn’s therapy in children, and all drugs on the market were based on large-scale studies in adults,” said Neal LeLeiko, MD, a professor of pediatrics at Columbia University and director of the pediatric IBD program at NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital. LeLeiko is the NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia site investigator for the CAMEO Study.

In particular, researchers hope to find the best anti-TNF dosing for children, which can vary by weight. As children receive the drug by IV and improve, for instance, they often gain weight, but the prescribed medication dosing may not change, which could then result in a drop in efficacy, LeLeiko explained. A critical part of the study depends on a technique known as “therapeutic drug monitoring,” where researchers carefully measure routine bloodwork for the anti-TNF drugs and various aspects of healing.

“I see too many patients who experience failure of anti-TNF drugs due to previous physicians who didn’t know how to use the drug properly,” he said. “As I always say, ‘If this were my child or grandchild, what would I do?’ We need to know how to best use these drugs in children in the safest way.”

Source: https://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/crohns-disease/news/20240502/prospects-crohns-relief-brighten-with-new-advancements?src=RSS_PUBLIC

Establishment Osman kept the audience glued to the screen! – atv

Establishment Osman, with its 158th episode, 7.27% rating and 19.48% viewing share in the All People category 4.68% rating and 14.43% viewing share in the EU category 6.40% rating and 16.31% viewing share in the 20+ABC1 category It became the most watched production in all categories.
Details 👉 https://atv.link/7vw0hj
#EstablishmentOsman
Ottoman Empire , 158 It became the most watched production in all categories, receiving 7.27% rating in the All Person category, 19.48% viewing share in the AB category, 4.68% viewing share in EU category, 14.43% viewing share in 20+ABC1 category and 6.40% rating in 16.31% viewing share.
Details 👉 https://atv.link/7vw0hj
#EstablishmentOsmanTranslated from Turkish

Establishment Osman kept the audience glued to the screen! – atv

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Easing Marijuana Laws Doesn’t Mean the Drug Is Safer

May 1, 2024 – You shouldn’t draw major conclusions about the safety of marijuana amid the recent announcement that federal regulators may reclassify the drug, experts are cautioning

But the move is expected to make it easier for scientists to study questions about safety and how well marijuana works as a medical treatment. One legal expert said it could change how the federal government views using medical marijuana by prescription in a state where medical usage is legal under state law. Right now, that is still considered illegal under federal law. 

 “If you’re a patient in a state with a medical marijuana law and your physician gives you a prescription for medical marijuana and you possess it, you will no longer be guilty of a federal crime,” said Robert Mikos, JD, LaRoche family chair in law at Vanderbilt University Law School in Nashville. 

The Drug Enforcement Administration is proposing to change how marijuana is classified, from a Schedule I to Schedule III drug. Schedule I also includes drugs like heroin, and the proposed change would drop marijuana to a lower-risk group that includes drugs like Suboxone, which is used to treat heroin addiction.

“I don’t think the intention in moving it from Schedule I to III was to send a message to the public that it’s safe to use. I hope people are not misinterpreting or over-interpreting what the change in schedule implies,” said psychiatrist Deepak Cyril D’Souza, MD, director of the Yale Center for the Science of Cannabis and Cannabinoids in New Haven, CT.

The Justice Department confirmed the proposed change Wednesday. 

“Today, the Attorney General circulated a proposal to reclassify marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III,” Xochitl Hinojosa, the department’s director of public affairs, said in a statement. “Once published by the Federal Register, it will initiate a formal rulemaking process as prescribed by Congress in the Controlled Substances Act.”

The federal government defines Schedule I drugs as having a strong potential for abuse and no currently accepted medical use, while Schedule III carries a “a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence.” Some other Schedule III drugs are steroids, testosterone, and certain combinations of limited codeine with Tylenol. There are two more levels – Schedules IV and V – with even lower risks of abuse or dependence.

“There is some data suggesting that there may be therapeutic applications to cannabis,” said D’Souza, using the scientific term for marijuana. “So to that extent, I think the reclassification does make sense.”

Andrew Esch, MD, a palliative care specialist in Tampa, FL, has already received some calls from patients asking what the proposed change may mean for them. Esch, who specializes in treating patients with serious illnesses, meets the state of Florida’s requirements to certify patients to buy medical marijuana from a dispensary. He praised the reclassification announcement.

“I think it matters a lot, and I think it’s a great step in the right direction in getting us information that will help our patients,” said Esch, who also serves as a senior education adviser to the Center to Advance Palliative Care at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.

Although he never uses marijuana as a first-line treatment, Esch said it’s an important option because of its potential to treat problems with nausea, appetite, and sleep, as well as pain and anxiety, all of which are common among people with serious illnesses. But sometimes, his patients aren’t willing to consider using marijuana.

“Patients are savvy and they know how to work the internet. If I suggest medical marijuana, they look it up and see that it’s classified the same as heroin, and they get very, very scared,” he said. “This reclassification, when they see it listed with things like Tylenol with codeine, it becomes a lot less scary to them.”

When prescribing marijuana, Esch manages it the same way that he manages an opioid prescription.

“I think marijuana can be safe if it’s used in the right patients and monitored closely,” he said. “There’s just a lot more data with opioids than there is with marijuana, and I think both have their dangers and both have their benefits.”

In states where marijuana is still illegal under state law, not much will change. 

“You still wouldn’t be committing a federal crime, but you could be violating state law,” Mikos said. “That’s a much more salient consideration because if you look at who goes after individuals who possess small amounts of drugs, the state handles 99% of those cases.

The Known Risks of Marijuana

Currently, 38 states and Washington, DC, allow the use of medical marijuana, and 24 states allow recreational use. Nearly 1 in 5 people use marijuana in the U.S. in a complex legal landscape where it remains illegal at the federal level.

“There’s very little science to support what’s happening in reality,” D’Souza said. “The argument that has been posed is that there is no good science because of the draconian regulations. So, if these regulations are relaxed and marijuana is rescheduled from Schedule I to III, that might allow researchers to answer some of these fundamental questions.”

Doing research studies involving a Schedule I drug carries high levels of risks, liabilities, and detailed inspections with the DEA.

D’Souza has studied marijuana for 3 decades and says the regulatory complexities deter many researchers. His latest project will examine marijuana as a treatment for nerve pain.

The lack of research, coupled with increasing access to the drug as states legalize it for recreational or medical use, means people are often turning outside the scientific community for information.

“People are interested in what Snoop Dogg and Willie Nelson have to say about cannabis,” D’Souza said. “It’s hard for us in the scientific community to compete against it. I think we’ve done a very bad job of educating people.”

He noted that marijuana today is up to 20 times more potent than marijuana that was commonly used in the 1960s through the 1980s, and marijuana addiction rates have risen from around 10% of users to up to 30%.

Known risks of marijuana use include:

  • Addiction
  • Serious mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
  • Accidents while driving under the influence
  • Heart and lung problems
  • Impacts on brain development, particularly during fetal development and during adolescence. 

“As a physician, as a psychiatrist, and as someone who has studied cannabis for 30 years, I would say I continue to have concerns about the impact of cannabis on human health, similar to my concerns about the impact of alcohol and tobacco on human health. And as you know, those are in the top 10 causes for global disease burden,” D’Souza said. “The game changer was the commercialization of those products.”

Staff writer Kelli Whitlock Burton contributed to this report. 

Source: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/news/20240501/reclassification-of-marijuana-doesnt-mean-its-safer?src=RSS_PUBLIC

“Everywhere you step, the lord and the state are mine! “Wherever you tread, bo…

“Everywhere you step, the lord and the state are mine!

“Wherever you tread, both the land and the state are mine!”

#EstablishmentOsman with its exciting new episode #atvIt continues in!

@bozdagfilm @atvturkiye

“Wherever you step, I am the master and the state!”

“Wherever you tread, both the land and the state are mine!”

#EstablishmentOsman continues on #atv with its exciting new episode!

@todayfilm @atvturkiye

Translated from Turkish

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