Malik-Shah was the third sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached its zenith of power and influence.
In 1064, Malik-Shah, only 9 years old by then, took part in Alp Arslan’s campaign in the Caucasus. In 1071, Malik Shah participated in Malazgirt battle alongside his father.
After Alp Arslan’s death in 1072, Malik Shah became the new Seljuk sultan. Malik Shah’s priority was the safeguard of states in the Seljuk Empire.
His uncle Qavurt sent him a message stating that he was the elder brother and he had a greater right to Alp Arsalan’s inheritance. Sultan Malik Shah responded with only one statement. It was that a brother does not inherit when there is a son.
This made Qavurt furious and he captured the Isfahan state in 1073. This battle was three days long in which Malik Shah defeated Qavurt and captured him.
He marched on the rebellious Qarakhanids and Gaznawids to ensure the Seljuk rule. Both vassals were defeated and made peace. He moved the Seljuk capital from Ray to Isfahan and also organized three campaigns against Georgia and advanced as far as the Black Sea.
The Seljuk Empire now stretched from the shores of the Mediterranean up to the Central Asian mountains to the East. Armenians, Georgians, Abbasids, Qarakhanids, and Gaznawids were now the vassals of the Seljuk sultan.
By 1091, his generals had completed the conquests of Syria, Hejaz, Yemen, and Aden.
Sultan Malik Shah had a great interest in scholars which is why he established a separate fund to support them.
Upon his death, the Seljuk Empire fell into chaos. If Malik Shah had lived longer, he might have destroyed the Assasin Hassan Sabah and conquered Egypt, which was ruled by the Fatimids.
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