İn the year 12 sept 1683, Battle of Vienna..
The Battle of Vienna on took place after the imperial city of Vienna had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle was fought by the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in league with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Holy League) against the invading Muslim Ottoman Empire and chiefdoms of the Ottoman Empire, and took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna. The battle marked the first time Poland and the Holy Roman Empire had cooperated militarily against the Ottomans and it is often seen as a turning point in history, after which the Ottomans ceased to be a menace to the Christan World in the ensuing war that lasted until 1698, the Ottomans lost almost all of Hungary to the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I.
The Battle was won by the combined forces the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and The battle was won by the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the latter represented only by the forces of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. (The march of the Lithuanian army was delayed, and they reached Vienna after it had been relieved.) The Viennese garrison was led by Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg, an Austrian subject of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. The overall command was held by the senior leader, the King of Poland, John III Sobieski, who led the Polish forces.
The opposing military forces were those of Ottoman Empire and Ottoman fiefdoms commanded by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha. An Ottoman army of approximately 90,000–300,000 men began the siege on 14 July 1683. The Ottoman forces consisted of 60 ortas of Janissaries forces consisted of 60 ortas of Janissaries (12,000 men paper-strength) with an observation army of c. 70,000 men watching the countryside. The decisive battle began on 11 september, after the united relief army of about 46,000 men had arrived and ended the following day.
Histiorians suggest the battle marked the turning point in the Ottoman – Habsburg wars, a 300-year struggle between the Holy Roman and Ottoman Empires. İn fact, during the sixteen years following the battle, the Austrian Habsburgs gradually recovered and dominated southern Hungary and Transylvania, which had been largely cleared of Ottomans forces. The battle is also noted for including the largest known cavalry charge in history, which involved 18,000 horsemen.. ✍🏻📌
