Andronikos II Palaiologos reigned as Byzantine emperor from 1282 to 1328. His reign marked the empire’s final decline.
Andronikos weakened the Byzantine empire by increasing the taxes, reducing its land forces to a few thousand warriors and eliminating the navy.
His lack of military initiative enabled Osman Ghazi to gain control of nearly all of Anatolia by 1300.
Andronikos also hired Catalan mercenaries to fight Osman Ghazi, but they were unsuccessful. Catalans were more likely to loot Byzantine cities than fight the Turks.
During the last years of his reign, he also had to fight his grandson in the First Palaiologan Civil War.
The war ended in Andronikos’ forced abdication in 1328 after which he retired to a monastery for the remainder of his life.
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