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Al-Ghazali is known as one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, scholar, theologians, jurists, logicians, and mystics of the Islamic Golden Age.
He is considered to be the 5th-century Mujaddid, a renewer of the faith, who, according to the prophetic hadith, appears once every 100 years to restore the faith of the Islamic community.
Al-Ghazali believed that the Islamic spiritual tradition had become weak and that the spiritual sciences taught by the first generation of Muslims had been forgotten.
This belief led him to write his masterpiece entitled Ihya ulum ad-din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences). Among his other works, the Tahafut al-Falasifa (Incoherence of the Philosophers) is famous.
His works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that al-Ghazali was awarded the honorific title “Proof of Islam” (Hujjat al-Islam).
Al-Ghazali was invited to go to the court of Nizam al-Mulk, the powerful vizier of the Seljuk sultans. The vizier was so impressed by al-Ghazali’s scholarship that in 1091 he appointed him chief professor in the Nizamiyyah college in Baghdad.
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