It is believed that the early Ottoman chieftains (Uthman Ghazi and Orhan Bey) recognized the Al-Khanid Mongol Khans as their overlords, namely Ghazan Khan and Bahadur Abu Said Khan. This is supported by a Persian al-Khanid budget document (1350) which lists Orhan Bey among the various Turkish chieftains who paid regular tribute. This argument is further supported by the early Ottoman coinage, which was specifically based on the Alkhanid offering. These observations are very insightful as one may recall that Amir Timur Gurkan asked Sultan Bayezid to acknowledge his ‘guardianship’ based on his seniority and conquests of the Mongol kingdoms, seeing that they How did the forerunners recognize the supremacy of the Al-Khanis? Reference: Baki Tezkan, Memory of the Mongols in Early Ottoman History. #ottomanempire