Zahrawi al-Ansari was an Arab Andalusian physician, surgeon, and chemist. Considered to be the greatest surgeon of the Middle Ages. He has been referred to as the “Father of Modern Surgery.”
Al-Zahrawi’s principal work is the Kitab al-Tasrif, a thirty-volume encyclopedia of medical practices. In his book, he draws diagrams of each tool used in different procedures to clarify how to carry out the steps of each treatment.
The book was translated into Latin in the 12th century. It soon found popularity in Europe and became a standard text in all major Medical universities. It remained the primary source of surgery in Europe for the next 500 years.
He was the first physician to identify the hereditary nature of hemophilia and describe an abdominal pregnancy that in those days was a fatal affliction, and was the first to discover the root cause of paralysis. He invented several devices used during surgery.
Al-Zahrawi was a court physician to the Andalusian Caliph Al-Hakam II. He also pioneered neurosurgery and neurological diagnosis. He is known to have performed surgical treatments for head injuries, skull fractures, spinal injuries, hydrocephalus, and headache.
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